Denatonium benzoate help

BitterDB id=94 , Synthetic
Detailed experimental validation described in the associated resource.

References for the compound bitterness help

Resource Comment
[1] Meyerhof W, Batram C, Kuhn C, Brockhoff A, Chudoba E, et al. (2010). The molecular receptive ranges of human TAS2R bitter taste receptors. Chem Senses 35(2): 157-70. PubMed 20022913
[2] Roland W. S. U. et al. Soy Isoflavones and Other Isoflavonoids Activate the Human Bitter Taste Receptors hTAS2R14 and hTAS2R39, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59 (21), 11764-11771 PubMed 21942422
[3] Lei W. et al. Functional Analyses of Bitter Taste Receptors in Domestic Cats (Felis catus), PLOS ONE, 2015, 10(10) PubMed 26488302
[4] Wang Y. et al. Functional divergence of bitter taste receptors in a nectar-feeding bird, Biology Letters, 2019, 15(9) PubMed 31551065
[5] Lu Q. et al. Molecular evolution and deorphanization of bitter taste receptors in a vampire bat, Integrative Zoology, 2021, 16(5), 659-669 PubMed 33289344
[6] Behrens M. et al. At the Root of T2R Gene Evolution: Recognition Profiles of Coelacanth and Zebrafish Bitter Receptors, Genome Biology and Evolution, 2021, 13(1) PubMed 33355666
[7] Ziegler F. and Behrens M. Bitter taste receptors of the common vampire bat are functional and show conserved responses to metal ions in vitro, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2021, 288(1947) PubMed 33784867
[8] Shimizu T. et al. Expression profiles and functional characterization of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) T2Rs, Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 2021, 28, 101123 PubMed 34504956
[9] Itoigawa A. et al. Functional Diversity and Evolution of Bitter Taste Receptors in Egg-Laying Mammals, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2022, 39(6) PubMed 35652727
[10] Gibbs M. et al. Bitter taste sensitivity in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and its relevance to bitter deterrents of ingestion, PLOS ONE, 2022, 17(11) PubMed 36449493
[11] Lang T. et al. Activation Profile of TAS2R2, the 26th Human Bitter Taste Receptor, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2023, 67(11) PubMed 36929150
[12] Kumar P. Bitter taste receptors of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), Frontiers in Physiology, 2023, 4, 14, 1233711 PubMed 37860623
[13] Behrens M. et al. A singular shark bitter taste receptor provides insights into the evolution of bitter taste perception, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2023, 120(48) PubMed 37956436
[14] Itoigawa A. et al. Evolutionary origins of bitter taste receptors in jawed vertebrates, Current Biology, 2024, 34(7), 271-272 PubMed 38593768
[15] Susan S. S. et al. The effect of sweeteners on bitter taste in young and elderly subjects, Brain Research Bulletin, 1994, 35, 3, 189-204 PubMed 7812797
[16] Merck Index Monograph Number: 2891

Known bitter receptors targets: help

Receptor Name Effective concentration (μM) EC50 (μM) References Sequence variant
Human  hTas2r4 300 PubMed:20022913
Human  hTas2r8 1000 PubMed:20022913
Human  hTas2r10 3 120 PubMed:20022913
Human  hTas2r13 30.0 PubMed:20022913 AAH95518.1
Human  hTas2r39 100.0 PubMed:20022913 AAM19321.1
Human  hTas2r43 300 PubMed:20022913
Human  hTas2r46 30.0 240.0 PubMed:20022913 AAM19318.1
Human  hTas2r47 0.03 0.27 PubMed:20022913 AAM19324.1
Mouse  mTas2r105 100 PubMed:27226572
Mouse  mTas2r123 300 439 PubMed:27226572
Mouse  mTas2r135 100 PubMed:27226572
Mouse  mTas2r140 300 270 PubMed:27226572
Mouse  mTas2r144 3000 PubMed:27226572
Cat  fcTas2r2 5000.0 PubMed:26488302
Cat  fcTas2r43 217 PubMed:29445727
Dog  cfTas2r4 PubMed:36449493
Vampire Bat  droTas2r1 3000.0 PubMed:33289344
Vampire Bat  droTas2r2 3000.0 PubMed:33289344
Vampire Bat  droTas2r4 10000.0 PubMed:33784867
Vampire Bat  droTas2r4 3000.0 PubMed:33289344
Vampire Bat  droTas2r7 300.0 PubMed:33784867
Vampire Bat  droTas2r7 3000.0 PubMed:33289344
Vampire Bat  droTas2r408 3000.0 PubMed:33289344
Platypus  oaTas2r810 3000.0 PubMed:35652727
Platypus  oaTas2r811 3000.0 PubMed:35652727
Platypus  oaTas2r812 3000.0 PubMed:35652727
Platypus  oaTas2r813a 3000.0 PubMed:35652727
Echidna  tacTas2r813 3000.0 PubMed:35652727
Cattle  btTas2r16 3000.0 PubMed:35652727
Fish  lchTas2r1 3000.0 PubMed:33355666
Fish  dreTas2r1 3000.0 PubMed:33355666
Fish  dreTas2r3a 3000.0 PubMed:33355666
Fish  ccarpTas2r201 3000.0 44.0 PubMed:34504956
Fish  ppeTas2r1 3000.0 PubMed:38593768
Shark  scTas2r1 3000.0 PubMed:37956436
Shark  cplTas2r1 3000.0 PubMed:37956436
Shark  cpuTas2r1 3000.0 PubMed:38593768
Shark  stTas2r1 3000.0 PubMed:38593768
Stingray  hakTas2r1 3000.0 PubMed:38593768
Bird  tgTas2r1 3000.0 PubMed:37860623
Bird  tgTas2r5 PubMed:37860623
Bird  tgTas2r7 PubMed:37860623
Bird  cannTas2r1a 10000.0 PubMed:31551065
Bird  cannTas2r1d 10000.0 PubMed:31551065

Sensory data about the compound bitterness: help

Sensory Data Type Value Reference
Bitter recognition threshold 0.000192 [mM] Reference

Properties: help

446.5900 [g/mol] 4.34884
1 3
3 3
8

Identifiers: help

3734-33-6
C28H34N2O3
VWTINHYPRWEBQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Links:

[1] 19518
[2] ZINC000001601437