Arbutin 
BitterDB id=103 , Natural
Detailed experimental validation described in the associated resource.
References for the compound bitterness
| Resource | Comment | |
|---|---|---|
| [1] | Meyerhof W, Batram C, Kuhn C, Brockhoff A, Chudoba E, et al. (2010). The molecular receptive ranges of human TAS2R bitter taste receptors. Chem Senses 35(2): 157-70. PubMed 20022913 | |
| [2] | Sakurai T, Misaka T, Ishiguro M, Masuda K, Sugawara T, et al. (2010). Characterization of the beta-D-glucopyranoside binding site of the human bitter taste receptor hTAS2R16. J Biol Chem 285(36): 28373-8. PubMed 20605788 | |
| [3] | URL link | |
| [4] | URL link | |
| [5] | Imai H. et al. Functional diversity of bitter taste receptor TAS2R16 in primates, Biology Letters, 2012, 8(4) PubMed 22399783 | |
| [6] | Itoigawa A. et al. A natural point mutation in the bitter taste receptor TAS2R16 causes inverse agonism of arbutin in lemur gustation, 2019, 286, 1904 PubMed 31161904 | |
| [7] | Yang Q. et al. Comprehensive identification of non-volatile bitter-tasting compounds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. by untargeted metabolomics combined with sensory-guided fractionation technique, Food Chemistry, 2021, 347, 129085 PubMed 33493837 | |
| [8] | Itoigawa A. et al. Lowered sensitivity of bitter taste receptors to β-glucosides in bamboo lemurs: an instance of parallel and adaptive functional decline in TAS2R16?, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 2021, 288(1948) PubMed 33849315 | |
| [9] | Jiao H. et al. Local Adaptation of Bitter Taste and Ecological Speciation in a Wild Mammal, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2021, 38(10), 4562–4572 PubMed 34240186 | |
| [10] | Itoigawa A. et al. Functional Diversity and Evolution of Bitter Taste Receptors in Egg-Laying Mammals, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2022, 39(6) PubMed 35652727 | |
| [11] | Yan J. and Tong H. An overview of bitter compounds in foodstuffs: Classifications, evaluation methods for sensory contribution, separation and identification techniques, and mechanism of bitter taste transduction, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2023, 22(1), PubMed 36382875 | |
| [12] | Lang T. et al. Activation Profile of TAS2R2, the 26th Human Bitter Taste Receptor, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2023, 67(11) PubMed 36929150 | |
| [13] | Karolkowski A. et al. Non-Volatile Compounds Involved in Bitterness and Astringency of Pulses: A Review, Molecules, 2023, 28(8), 3298 PubMed 37110532 | |
| [14] | Behrens M. et al. A singular shark bitter taste receptor provides insights into the evolution of bitter taste perception, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2023, 120(48) PubMed 37956436 | |
| [15] | Bufe B, Hofmann T, Krautwurst D, Raguse JD, Meyerhof W (2002). The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta-glucopyranosides. Nat Genet 32(3): 397-401. PubMed 12379855 | |
| [16] | URL link |
Known bitter receptors targets:
| Receptor Name | Effective concentration (μM) | EC50 (μM) | References | Sequence variant |
|---|---|---|---|---|
hTas2r16 |
700.0 | 5800.0 | PubMed:20022913 | AAH95524.1 |
|
hTas2r16 |
700.0 | 1340 | PubMed:20605788 | |
|
hTas2r16 |
500.0 | 5800.0 | PubMed:37110532 | |
|
hTas2r16 |
10000.0 | PubMed:35652727 | ||
mTas2r126 |
30000.0 | PubMed:27226572 | ||
oaTas2r811 |
10000.0 | PubMed:35652727 | ||
btTas2r16 |
10000.0 | PubMed:35652727 | ||
laTas2r16c |
10000.0 | PubMed:35652727 | ||
dvTas2r705 |
10000.0 | PubMed:35652727 | ||
meTas2r705b |
10000.0 | PubMed:35652727 | ||
pciTas2r705c |
10000.0 | PubMed:35652727 | ||
lcateTas2r127 |
30000.0 | PubMed:36780530 | ||
scTas2r1 |
30000.0 | PubMed:37956436 | ||
tlTas2r16 |
PubMed:22399783 | |||
|
lcattTas2r16 |
2500.0 | 2300.0 | PubMed:33849315 | |
|
lcattTas2r16 |
3100.0 | PubMed:31161904 | ||
sgTas2r118 |
30000.0 | PubMed:34240186 |
Sensory data about the compound bitterness:
| Sensory Data Type | Value | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Bitter recognition threshold | 0.9 [mM] | Reference |
| Bitter recognition threshold | 0.9 [mM] | Reference |
| Bitter recognition threshold | 0.9 [mM] | Reference |
| Bitter recognition threshold | 0.9 [mM] | Reference |
| Bitter recognition EC50 | 5.4 [mM] | Reference |
Properties:
| 272.2500 [g/mol] | -1.42910 |
| 5 | 7 |
| 1 | 2 |
| 3 |
Identifiers:
| 2872-65-3,30373-96-7,497-76-7 |
| C12H16O7 |
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| BJRNKVDFDLYUGJ-RMPHRYRLSA-N |
Links:
| [1] | 440936 | ||
| [2] | ZINC000000518554 |
