Caffeine help

BitterDB id=46 , Natural
Detailed experimental validation described in the associated resource.

References for the compound bitterness help

Resource Comment
[1] George A . Burdock (2005) Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Fifth Edition, CRC Press bitter
[2] Rodgers S, Glen RC, Bender A (None). Characterizing bitterness: identification of key structural features and development of a classification model. J Chem Inf Model 46(2): 569-76. PubMed 16562985
[3] Meyerhof W, Batram C, Kuhn C, Brockhoff A, Chudoba E, et al. (2010). The molecular receptive ranges of human TAS2R bitter taste receptors. Chem Senses 35(2): 157-70. PubMed 20022913
[4] URL link
[5] Intelmann, D. et al. Three TAS2R Bitter Taste Receptors Mediate the Psychophysical Responses to Bitter Compounds of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and Beer. Chemosensory Perception 2, 118-132(2009). springerlink providing a long-lasting bitterness perceived all over in the oral cavity
[6] Roland W. S. U. et al. Soy Isoflavones and Other Isoflavonoids Activate the Human Bitter Taste Receptors hTAS2R14 and hTAS2R39, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59 (21), 11764-11771 PubMed 21942422
[7] Liu K. et al. Plasticity of the ligand binding pocket in the bitter taste receptor T2R7, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, 2018, 1860, 5, 991-999 PubMed 29355483
[8] Shu N. et al. Metabolomics identify landscape of food sensory properties, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2023, 63(27), 8478-8488 PubMed 35435783
[9] Wang Y. et al. Flavor challenges in extruded plant-based meat alternatives: A review, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2022, 21(3), 2898-2929 PubMed 35470959
[10] Deng S. et al. Bitter and astringent substances in green tea: composition, human perception mechanisms, evaluation methods and factors influencing their formation, Food Research International, 2022, 157, 111262 PubMed 35761574
[11] Yan J. and Tong H. An overview of bitter compounds in foodstuffs: Classifications, evaluation methods for sensory contribution, separation and identification techniques, and mechanism of bitter taste transduction, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2023, 22(1), PubMed 36382875
[12] Lang T. et al. Activation Profile of TAS2R2, the 26th Human Bitter Taste Receptor, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2023, 67(11) PubMed 36929150
[13] Kumar P. Bitter taste receptors of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), Frontiers in Physiology, 2023, 4, 14, 1233711 PubMed 37860623
[14] Susan S. S. et al. The effect of sweeteners on bitter taste in young and elderly subjects, Brain Research Bulletin, 1994, 35, 3, 189-204 PubMed 7812797
[15] Guinard JX, Hong DY, Zoumas-Morse C, Budwig C, Russell GF (1994). Chemoreception and perception of the bitterness of isohumulones. Physiol Behav 56(6): 1257-63. PubMed 7878099
[16] URL link bitter
[17] URL link
[18] Merck Index Monograph Number: 1636

Known bitter receptors targets: help

Receptor Name Effective concentration (μM) EC50 (μM) References Sequence variant
Human  hTas2r7 300.0 PubMed:20022913
Human  hTas2r10 300.0 PubMed:20022913
Human  hTas2r14 300.0 PubMed:20022913
Human  hTas2r43 300.0 PubMed:20022913
Human  hTas2r46 300.0 PubMed:20022913 AAM19318.1
Chicken  ggTas2r2 30.0 PubMed:25180257
Mouse  mTas2r121 10 60 PubMed:27226572
Turkey  mgTas2r4 PubMed:37860623

Sensory data about the compound bitterness: help

Sensory Data Type Value Reference
Bitter recognition threshold 8 [mM] Reference
Bitter recognition threshold 1.15e-06 [mM] Reference
Bitter recognition threshold 0.5 [mM] Reference
Bitter recognition threshold 14.5 [mM] Reference
Bitter recognition threshold 0.7-3.7 [mM] Reference
Bitter recognition threshold 0.7 [mM] Reference
Bitter recognition threshold 0.5 [mM] Reference

Properties: help

194.1900 [g/mol] -1.02930
0 6
2 2
0
192 [mg/kg B.W.]

Identifiers: help

58-08-2
C8H10N4O2
RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Links:

[1] 2519
[2] ZINC000000001084
[3] DB00201
[4] 407